Name: Daniel Shepherd
|
RESEARCHED DEFINITION (provide
short internet researched definition and URL link)
|
DESCRIBE THE RELEVANCE OF THE
RESEARCHED TERM TO YOUR OWN PRODUCTION PRACTICE?
|
|
SOUND DESIGN METHODOLOGY
|
Foley Artistry
|
“Foley effects
are sound effects added to the film during post production.”
|
This is
used to add all the sound effects into a film to make it sound realistic, for
example; When a car crashes you would use this to sync the sound of the crash
with the car crashing.
|
Sound Libraries
|
“a collection of sounds stored on file”
http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sound-library |
We used
this to take pre-recorded sounds to practise using pitch and playback
effects, pan etc.
|
|
SOUND FILE FORMATS
|
Uncompressed
|
“to create anuncompressed copy of the file, but also to restore thetimestamp and other attributes of the compressed file.”
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/uncompress |
This is used to allow you to edit all the
tracks easier and at a better quality.
|
.wav
|
“A Wave file is
an audio file format, created by Microsoft, that has become a standard PC
audio file format system and game sounds to CD-quality audio.”
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Wave-file |
We exported all our work by rendering in this
file format.
|
|
.aiff
|
“AIFF (Audio
Interchange File Format) is one of the two most-used audio files formats used in the Apple operating
system.”
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/AIFF-Audio-Interchange-File-Format |
You would use this file format if you wanted
to save sound projects on an Apple product. This format is a uncompressed,
lossless file.
|
|
.au
|
“A digital
audio file format from Sun that is used on the Internet and can be played by
a Java program.”
http://www.yourdictionary.com/au-file |
This is an uncompressed file format which
results in being a better quality, which also makes it better than other
formats like .MP3.
|
|
.smp
|
|
Used to edit audio in real-time. Can be
manipulated.
|
|
Lossy Compression
|
“Lossy file
compression results in lost data and quality from the original version. Lossy
compression is typically associated with image files, such as JPEGs”
http://techterms.com/definition/lossy
|
This makes the file smaller and also makes
the quality sound worse than the original copy.
|
|
.mp3
|
“MP3 is the name of the file extension
and also the common name of the type of file for MPEG-1 audio layer 3. Today, MP3 is the common audio
format for consumer audio streaming and storage “ http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MP3.html
|
You would use this if you were to put your
sounds onto the internet or in a store to be heard by the public. This is a
compressed file which makes the quality worse.
|
|
AUDIO LIMITATIONS
|
Sound Processor Unit (SPU)
|
“A sound card is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates economical input and
output of audio signals to and from a computer under control
of computer programs.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_card |
After my sound idea’s had been created I
used this to listen to my work (playback).
|
Digital Sound Processor (DSP)
|
“A Digital Signal Processor, or DSP, is a specialized microprocessor
that has an architecture which is optimized for the fast operational needs of
digital signal processing.” https://www.futureelectronics.com/en/Microprocessors/digital-signal-processors.aspx
|
You would use this to process sound in
real-time
|
|
Random Access Memory (RAM)
|
“Random Access Memory (RAM) is a
hardware device that allows information to be stored and retrieved on a
computer.”
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/ram.htm |
This let me get all the sound files onto
Reaper and allows me to save my project somewhere else.
|
|
Mono Audio
|
“mono sound, mono, or non-stereo sound,
this early sound system used a single channel of audio for sound output.”
|
This was used when I didn’t use the pan
envelope.
|
|
Stereo Audio
|
“stereo sound or just
stereo, stereophonic sound
divides sounds across two channels then the recorded sounds are mixed so that some elements
are channeled to the left and others to the right. “ http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/stereophonic_sound.html
|
I used this when I was using multiple
envelope tracks like pan, volume etc.
|
|
Surround Sound
|
“Surround sound is a technique for enriching the sound reproduction quality of an audio source with
additional audio channels from speakers that surround the listener providing
sound from a 360° radius.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound
|
This is used to make sound more realistic
and make the listener hear the sound all around him.
|
|
Direct Audio (Pulse Code Modulation – PCM)
|
“Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a digital representation of
an analog signal that takes samples of the amplitude of the analog signal at
regular intervals.”
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24128/pulse-code-modulation-pcm |
This is used so we can listen to our
projects through headphones/headsets.
|
|
AUDIO RECORDING SYSTEMS
|
Analogue
|
“relating
to or using signals or information represented by a continuously variable physical
quantity such as spatial position, voltage, etc.”
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/analogue |
This is where the computer reads the data
and makes it so we can listen to it.
|
Digital Mini Disc
|
“a digital disc medium for storing music or data
where a small disc is housed in a cartridge and is
either recordable or playback.”
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/minidisc |
This is used to store music or data onto as
an external storage
|
|
Compact Disc (CD)
|
“an optical disk approximately 4.75 inches (12 cm) in diameter, onwhich a program, data, music, etc., is digitally encoded for a laserbeam to scan, decode, and transmit to a
playback system, computermonitor, or television set.” http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/compact+disk |
Used to make data/music portable
|
|
Digital Audio Tape (DAT)
|
“DAT (Digital Audio Tape) is a standard medium and technology for the digital recording of audio on tape at a professional level
of quality.”
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/DAT-Digital-Audio-Tape |
Used to record audio on a tape also get a
high quality level
|
|
MIDI
|
“MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a protocol developed
in the 1980's which allows electronic instruments and other digital musical
tools to communicate with each other.”
http://www.instructables.com/id/What-is-MIDI/ |
This is the tracks of the project, where all
the notes are played onto.
|
|
Software Sequencers
|
“A music sequencer (or
simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can
record, edit, or play back music”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_sequencer |
Allows you to play a digital instrument
straight onto a track on your software (Reaper).
|
|
Software Plug-ins
|
“A plugin is a software add-on that is installed onto a program, enabling it to perform
additional features.”
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/plugin.htm |
Allows you to edit your existing sounds with
effects.
|
|
MIDI Keyboard Instruments
|
“A MIDI keyboard is typically a piano-style user
interface used for sending MIDI signals or commands over a USB or MIDI cable to
other devices”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI_keyboard |
This is the virtual keyboard I used to add
all the different notes onto the midi tracks in Reaper so I can edit it post
production
|
|
AUDIO SAMPLING
|
File Size Constraints - Bit-depth
|
“Bit
depth is the number of bits used to carry the data in each sample of audio.”
http://wiki.audacityteam.org/wiki/Bit_Depth |
I used this to control the quality when we
rendered our projects in .WAV.
|
File Size Constraints - Sample Rate
|
“Sample rate is the number of samples of audio
carried per second, measured in Hz or kHz (one kHz being 1 000 Hz).”
http://wiki.audacityteam.org/wiki/Sample_Rates |
I used this to control the quality of the
rendering and at what frequency can be heard.
|
Improved
Name: Daniel Shepherd
|
RESEARCHED DEFINITION (provide
short internet researched definition and URL link)
|
DESCRIBE THE RELEVANCE OF THE
RESEARCHED TERM TO YOUR OWN PRODUCTION PRACTICE?
|
|
SOUND DESIGN METHODOLOGY
|
Foley Artistry
|
“Foley effects
are sound effects added to the film during post production.”
“A sound effects technique for
synchronous effects or live effects”
|
This is used
to add all the sound effects into a film to make it sound realistic, for example; When a car crashes you would use this to sync
the sound of the crash with the car crashing.
|
Sound Libraries
|
“a collection of sounds stored on file”
http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sound-library |
We used
this to take pre-recorded sounds to practise using pitch and playback
effects, pan etc. It also helps to make thing
organized so you know where to find all the sounds.
|
|
SOUND FILE FORMATS
|
Uncompressed
|
“to create anuncompressed copy of the file, but also to restore thetimestamp and other attributes of the compressed file.”
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/uncompress
“restore
to its uncompressed form”
|
This is used to allow you to edit all the
tracks easier and at a better quality. It makes
the file you use larger so it takes up more room on your PC storeage.
|
.wav
|
“A Wave file is
an audio file format, created by Microsoft, that has become a standard PC
audio file format system.
|
We exported all our work by rendering in this
file format. This is a good way to store the
non-finished version without it taking up much space on your PC.
|
|
.aiff
|
“AIFF (Audio
Interchange File Format) is one of the two most-used audio files formats used in the Apple operating
system.”
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/AIFF-Audio-Interchange-File-Format
“AIFF is an audio format originally developed by
Apple Computer for storing high-quality sampled audio data.”
|
You would use this file format if you wanted
to save sound projects on an Apple product. This
format is a uncompressed, lossless file which you would use if your project
was still in development.
|
|
.au
|
“A digital
audio file format from Sun that is used on the Internet and can be played by
a Java program.”
http://www.yourdictionary.com/au-file
“short for audio, a common format
for sound files on UNIX machines”
|
This is an uncompressed file format which
results in being a lower quality. It takes up
more room on your storage on your PC which could affect how much you can
actually do
|
|
.smp
|
“For
communication to several MIDI samplers. All sample rates are supported by the
package, although not all are supported by the samplers themselves.”
|
Used to edit audio in real-time. Can be
manipulated. Supports all the sample rates so
makes it a flexible file format to use.
|
|
Lossy Compression
|
“Lossy file
compression results in lost data and quality from the original version.”
|
This makes the file smaller and also makes
the quality sound worse than the original copy. It
also help to upload time to sites like; YouTube, Itunes etc…
|
|
.mp3
|
“MP3 is the name of the file extension
and also the common name of the type of file for MPEG-1 audio layer 3.“
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MP3.html
“When
creating an MP3 file, the bitrate that is used to encode the audio has a big
effect on the quality of the sound.”
|
You would use this if you were to put your
sounds onto the internet or in a store to be heard by the public. This is a compressed file which makes the quality worse
so makes this a no go for top end music making.
|
|
AUDIO LIMITATIONS
|
Sound Processor Unit (SPU)
|
“A sound card is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates economical input and
output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of
computer programs.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_card
“An expansion card that processes and converts audio signals. Also called audiocard.”
|
After my sound idea’s had been created I
used this to listen to my work (playback).
This allows me to be able to
create the sounds I want and to know what I’m doing in real-time.
|
Digital Sound Processor (DSP)
|
“A Digital Signal Processor, or DSP, is a specialized microprocessor
that has an architecture which is optimized for the fast operational needs of
digital signal processing.” https://www.futureelectronics.com/en/Microprocessors/digital-signal-processors.aspx
“A
DSP for Digital Sound Processing refers to the acoustic effects recreated by
a digital processor to give the impression that the user is in a concert
hall”
|
You would use this to process sound in
real-time. You would use these effects to get a
sound you couldn’t get using the instrument yourself.
|
|
Random Access Memory (RAM)
|
“Random Access Memory (RAM) is a
hardware device that allows information to be stored and retrieved on a
computer.”
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/ram.htm
“Ram is the
place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and
data in current use are kept “
|
This let me get all the sound files onto
Reaper and allows me to save my project somewhere else. It also helps me keep a track of all the work I
have/will do and keep it organised
|
|
Mono Audio
|
“mono sound, mono, or non-stereo sound,
this early sound system used a single channel of audio for sound output.”
“Mono sound is
intended to be heard as if it were a single channel of sound perceived as
coming from one position”
|
This was used when I didn’t use the pan
envelope. It also allows me to get the sensation
that someone is talking to me from a specific direction.
|
|
Stereo Audio
|
“stereo sound or just
stereo, stereophonic sound
divides sounds across two channels then the recorded sounds are mixed so that some elements
are channeled to the left and others to the right. “ http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/stereophonic_sound.html
“reproduction of sound using two or more separate microphones
to feed two or more loudspeakers”
|
I used this when I was using multiple
envelope tracks like pan, volume etc. It allows
make my sounds sound like they’re coming from multiply angles for example;
Left and Right.
|
|
Surround Sound
|
“Surround sound is a technique for enriching the sound reproduction quality of an audio source with
additional audio channels from speakers that surround
the listener providing sound from a 360° radius.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound
“A multichannel sound technology that produces five channels of sound in the left, right, center, left surround and
right surround positions.”
|
This is used to make sound more realistic
and make the listener hear the sound all around him. This
is used to completely submerge the listener from all directions to make it
sound realistic. This also would be useful in film that have an ability to be
seen in 3D to enhance the experience.
|
|
Direct Audio (Pulse Code Modulation – PCM)
|
“Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a digital representation of
an analog signal that takes samples of the amplitude of the analog signal at
regular intervals.”
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24128/pulse-code-modulation-pcm |
This is used so we can listen to our
projects through headphones/headsets. It allows
the listener to listen to the sounds in private or in a public environment.
Allows him to get a better feel for the sounds he is listening to or making.
|
|
AUDIO RECORDING SYSTEMS
|
Analogue
|
“relating
to or using signals or information represented by a continuously variable
physical quantity such as spatial position, voltage, etc.”
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/analogue |
This is where the computer reads the data
and makes it so we can listen to it. Without this
we wouldn’t be able to listen to our projects
|
Digital Mini Disc
|
“a digital disc medium for storing music or data
where a small disc is housed in a cartridge and is
either recordable or playback.”
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/minidisc
“The MiniDisc (MD) is a magneto-optical disc-based data storage device for 74 minutes and, later, 80 minutes, of
digitized audio or 1 gigabyte of Hi-MD data.”
|
This is used to store music or data onto as
an external storage. You can take this disc to a
different place and still edit any data on it with ease
|
|
Compact Disc (CD)
|
“an optical disk approximately 4.75 inches (12 cm) in diameter, onwhich a program, data, music, etc., is digitally encoded for a laserbeam to scan, decode, and transmit to a
playback system, computer monitor, or television set.” http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/compact+disk |
Used to make data/music portable. Good for to use it for people who aren’t well up on all
the new gadgets e.g. Phones, internet etc…
|
|
Digital Audio Tape (DAT)
|
“DAT (Digital Audio Tape) is a standard medium and technology for the digital recording of audio on tape at a professional level
of quality.”
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/DAT-Digital-Audio-Tape |
Used to record audio on a tape also get a
high quality level. You can record sounds outside
without needing a PC to do it and then allows you to upload onto the software
and you are able to edit it.
|
|
MIDI
|
“MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a protocol developed
in the 1980's which allows electronic instruments and other digital musical
tools to communicate with each other.”
http://www.instructables.com/id/What-is-MIDI/
“MIDI is
a protocol designed for recording and playing back music on digital
synthesizers that is supported by many makes of personal computer sound
cards.”
|
This is the tracks of the project, where all
the notes are played onto. Allows use to use
virtual instruments with ease and help speed up the process
|
|
Software Sequencers
|
“A music sequencer (or
simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can
record, edit, or play back music”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_sequencer
“In digital audio recording, a sequencer is a program in a
computer or stand-alone keyboard unit that puts together a sound sequence
from a series (or sequence) of Musical Instrument “
|
Allows you to play a digital instrument
straight onto a track on your software (Reaper). Allows
you to play back any music you need/want to listen to help with editing
tracks.
|
|
Software Plug-ins
|
“A plugin is a software add-on that is installed onto a program, enabling it to perform
additional features.”
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/plugin.htm
“A software plug-in is an add-on for a program that adds
functionality to it. “
|
Allows you to edit your existing sounds with
effects. Makes you able to create sounds you
otherwise couldn’t create with just the instrument.
|
|
MIDI Keyboard Instruments
|
“A MIDI keyboard is typically a piano-style user
interface used for sending MIDI signals or commands over a USB or MIDI cable to
other devices”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI_keyboard
“A Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) keyboard is a musical instrument like
a piano keyboard.”
|
This is the virtual keyboard I used to add
all the different notes onto the midi tracks in Reaper so I can edit it post
production. It allows people with not much
musical skill to be able to create full sounds that sound good and nice to
listen too.
|
|
AUDIO SAMPLING
|
File Size Constraints - Bit-depth
|
“Bit
depth is the number of bits used to carry the data in each sample of audio.”
http://wiki.audacityteam.org/wiki/Bit_Depth |
I used this to control the quality when we
rendered our projects in .WAV. Allows you to get
what sound level you get; Amazing, mediocre or poor.
|
File Size Constraints - Sample Rate
|
“Sample rate is the number of samples of audio
carried per second, measured in Hz or kHz (one kHz being 1 000 Hz).”
http://wiki.audacityteam.org/wiki/Sample_Rates
“In
developing an audio sound for computers or telecommunication, the sample rate
is the number of samples of a sound that are taken per second to represent
the event digitally.”
|
I used this to control the quality of the
rendering and at what frequency can be heard. Allows
you to be able to set a target audience because young people can hear high
pitch noises and older people can’t.
|